Philippines
Philippines 4Ps
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is the Philippines' national conditional cash transfer programme, institutionalised by Republic Act No. 11310 and administered by the Department of Social Welfare and Development.
Why it matters: 4Ps is an absorption platform: it can stabilise households after shocks, but only if programme rules and data systems can accommodate mobility and protracted displacement. The political economy archetype is programme-based absorption with conditionality: displaced households can be included through ordinary social protection, but compliance and registry rules can reproduce exclusion.
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